After updating the traccar does not see the base

I'm confused. Are you using MySQL or H2?

Currently H2, to this Mysql. After the base was not restored, I installed the traccar again on H2. Already different variants have tried. But after updating yet on any kind of bases, it has never been restored.

OK, I would recommend to focus on one case. If you had MySQL before then you should be able to upgrade. If something doesn't work and you want help, you need to provide more information, including logs.

File: /opt/traccar/logs/tracker-server.log

2018-06-15 08:43:29  INFO: Operating system name: Linux version: 4.4.0-62-generic architecture: amd64
2018-06-15 08:43:29  INFO: Java runtime name: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM vendor: Oracle Corporation version: 25.171-b11
2018-06-15 08:43:29  INFO: Memory limit heap: 1772mb non-heap: 0mb
2018-06-15 08:43:29  INFO: Character encoding: UTF-8 charset: UTF-8
2018-06-15 08:43:29  INFO: Version: 3.17-SNAPSHOT

File: /opt/traccar/logs/wrapper.log.20180615

WARNING|wrapper|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:43:25|YAJSW: yajsw-stable-12.12
WARNING|wrapper|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:43:25|OS   : Linux/4.4.0-62-generic/amd64
WARNING|wrapper|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:43:25|JVM  : Oracle Corporation/1.8.0_171//usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/64
INFO|wrapper|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:43:25|exec:java -classpath /opt/traccar/wrapperApp.jar:/opt/traccar/tracker-server.jar:/opt/traccar/$
...
INFO|22117/0|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:43:30|[main] INFO com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource - HikariPool-1 - Starting...
INFO|22117/0|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36|[main] ERROR com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool - HikariPool-1 - Exception during pool initiali$
INFO|22117/0|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36|org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException: File corrupted while reading record: null. Possible solution: us$
INFO|22117/0|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36| at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:357)
INFO|22117/0|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36| at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:168)
...
FINEST|22117/0|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36|       at org.h2.mvstore.MVStore$Builder.open(MVStore.java:2934)
FINEST|22117/0|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36|       at org.h2.mvstore.db.MVTableEngine$Store.open(MVTableEngine.java:155)
FINEST|22117/0|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36|       ... 32 more
INFO|wrapper|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36|waitpid 22117 59136
INFO|wrapper|Service traccar|18-06-15 08:44:36|exit code posix process: 59136 application(status/signal): 231/0

As you can probably see yourself, it clearly says that your database is corrupted:

File corrupted while reading record

Why then does it work on the old version? And on the new server he was allegedly damaged. I tried to copy it directly without archiving. The result is the same.

I don't know why, but the fact is that your database is corrupted.

How can it be restored somehow? Because all copies larger than 3 GB are corrupted for some reason.

Check H2 documentation, but in general you should never use H2 for production, as I already mentioned.